There are some basic components which must be required to develop any android based application:
Activity
Activity is single screen in android application. As web sites contains web pages for user interface same as android application consists of 1 or more Activity screens.
Activity life cycle
Activity manager is used to manage activity like created, destroying, pausing, resuming any activity. Activity starting state is most expensive, which consume enough memory, processor time and battery. Activity can be destroy, stopped, pause and resume.
Intents
Intents are used to invoke/activate other applications or activity (screens). Intents are of two types, explicit or implicit, explicit intents gives fully qualified name of the component to activate it. Implicit intents use type of activity/component to call it.
Services
Services/daemon runs as background process, which doesn't has any activity or graphical user interface. Services are required for such requirements when user intervention are not required and task needs to be run in background like when you are listening songs and doing other tasks like browsing or playing games. music service is running in background.
Content Providers
Content providers are provided between application for persisting data. Content providers API used to create/update/retrieve/delete data/records in database and in case of android SQLite is used.
Broadcast Receivers
Android system makes system wide notifications so using Broadcast receiver your android application is capable of receiving and publishing such notifications like battery low, SMS arrives, call coming, wifi not available.
for starters Activity and Intents are most important to learn to start with android application development so
happy androiding! ;)
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